See Lunden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Lunden",
"3": "London"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: Lunden, London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: Lunden, London"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "London"
},
"expansion": "English: London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: London"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "London"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: London"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Lundonia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Lundonia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Lundonia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "Londres",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old French: Londres, Londrez\nMiddle French: Londres\nFrench: Londres (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres\nGalician: Londres\nPortuguese: Londres",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old French: Londres, Londrez\nMiddle French: Londres\nFrench: Londres (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres\nGalician: Londres\nPortuguese: Londres"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "der",
"3": "unc",
"4": "la>Londinium>London",
"id": "London"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Llundein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh Llundein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "la",
"3": "Londinium"
},
"expansion": "Latin Londinium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*Lundeinju"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *Lundeinju",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Together with Middle Welsh Llundein cannot be directly from Latin Londinium, which would yield *Lynden via i-mutation. But both may continue Vulgar Latin *Lundeinju (Late British Latin) if the medial -i- of the original word was short.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Lunden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*ᛚᚢᚾᛞᛖᚾ",
"roman": "*lunden",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "proper nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Lunden f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Lunden f",
"name": "ang-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lunden",
"num": "sg"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Lunden",
"2": "Lundena,Lundene",
"3": "Lundene",
"4": "Lundena,Lundene",
"5": "Lundene",
"6": "Lundena",
"7": "Lundene",
"8": "Lundenum",
"num": "sg",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "London",
"orig": "ang:London",
"parents": [
"Cities in England",
"Cities in Greater London, England",
"Cities in the United Kingdom",
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Lundene bryċġ"
},
{
"word": "Lundenisċ"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwaran"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwaru"
},
{
"word": "Lundenweġ"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then after him Mellitus, who was previously bishop of London, ascended to the archbishopdom..then afterwards Justus ascended to the archbishopdom.",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nÞā æfter him feng Mellitus to erċebisċopdōme þe ǣr wæs bisċop on Lundene...Ðā æfter feng tō þām erċebisċopdōme Iūstus...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The aldorman sold him to a Frisian from London.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Sermon on the Efficacy of the Holy Mass\"\nSē ealdormann sealde hine sumum Frīsan of Lundene.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"London"
],
"id": "en-Lunden-ang-name-7MDn3AhP",
"links": [
[
"London",
"London"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Lundenburg"
},
{
"word": "Lundenċeaster"
},
{
"word": "Lundentūn"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwīċ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlun.den/"
}
],
"word": "Lunden"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Lundene bryċġ"
},
{
"word": "Lundenisċ"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwaran"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwaru"
},
{
"word": "Lundenweġ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Lunden",
"3": "London"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: Lunden, London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: Lunden, London"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "London"
},
"expansion": "English: London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: London"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "London"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: London",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: London"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Lundonia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Lundonia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Lundonia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "Londres",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old French: Londres, Londrez\nMiddle French: Londres\nFrench: Londres (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres\nGalician: Londres\nPortuguese: Londres",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old French: Londres, Londrez\nMiddle French: Londres\nFrench: Londres (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres\nGalician: Londres\nPortuguese: Londres"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "der",
"3": "unc",
"4": "la>Londinium>London",
"id": "London"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Llundein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh Llundein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "la",
"3": "Londinium"
},
"expansion": "Latin Londinium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*Lundeinju"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *Lundeinju",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Together with Middle Welsh Llundein cannot be directly from Latin Londinium, which would yield *Lynden via i-mutation. But both may continue Vulgar Latin *Lundeinju (Late British Latin) if the medial -i- of the original word was short.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Lunden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Lundene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*ᛚᚢᚾᛞᛖᚾ",
"roman": "*lunden",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "proper nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Lunden f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Lunden f",
"name": "ang-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lunden",
"num": "sg"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Lunden",
"2": "Lundena,Lundene",
"3": "Lundene",
"4": "Lundena,Lundene",
"5": "Lundene",
"6": "Lundena",
"7": "Lundene",
"8": "Lundenum",
"num": "sg",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English proper nouns",
"Old English terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
"Old English terms derived from Latin",
"Old English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:London"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then after him Mellitus, who was previously bishop of London, ascended to the archbishopdom..then afterwards Justus ascended to the archbishopdom.",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nÞā æfter him feng Mellitus to erċebisċopdōme þe ǣr wæs bisċop on Lundene...Ðā æfter feng tō þām erċebisċopdōme Iūstus...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The aldorman sold him to a Frisian from London.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Sermon on the Efficacy of the Holy Mass\"\nSē ealdormann sealde hine sumum Frīsan of Lundene.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"London"
],
"links": [
[
"London",
"London"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlun.den/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Lundenburg"
},
{
"word": "Lundenċeaster"
},
{
"word": "Lundentūn"
},
{
"word": "Lundenwīċ"
}
],
"word": "Lunden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Lunden meaning in Old English (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.